1. Why is L'Anse Aux Meadows famous?
2. Who is Lake Champlain named after?
3. What is the origin of the word Canada?
4. The Iroquois were not a single tribe but a confederacy of 5 tribes. How many can you name?
5. The man behind bringing the tribes together into this confederacy was immortalized in a poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Who was this man?
6. The exploration of Canada was tied to the search for a northwest passage to the east. There was also the hope that wealthy civilizations such as the Inca and Aztecs, with treasures of gold, may be found along the way. The gold did not materialize but an important alternative would drive further interest, exploration, and settlement in Canada. What was that alternative, and what European development was instrumental in maintaining an interest in holding Canada for the French?
7. Who were the "coureurs des bois"?
8. The oldest continually operating company in North America and one of the oldest in the world had its beginning with this trade. What is it called?
9. What religious organization had the monopoly for converting the Indians to Christianity?
10. Which famed British navigator spent a month refitting his vessel in Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, during an expedition to discover the northwest passage in 1778?
11. After leaving Nootka Sound he was killed by natives from the Sandwich Islands. What are the Sandwich Islands called today?
12. His sailing master on this voyage of discovery would go on to command his own vessel, but not without incident. Many books and movies have covered this captain's problems with his crew. Who was he?
13. Monuments to the victors of an important battle are commonplace. Canada holds an unique distinction by honouring both the victor and the loser in a common monument. Who were these commanders?
Answers:
1. A Norse village of archaeological importance on the northernmost tip of Newfoundland. Its discovery in 1960 offers proof that the Norse came to North America some 500 years before Columbus.
2. Okay, so I gave you an easy one. Samuel de Champlain is known as the "Father of New France", and many places, streets, and structures in northeastern North America bear his name, or have monuments established in his memory. The most notable of these is Lake Champlain which straddles the border between New York/Vermont states and Quebec. Learn more.
3. The word is widely believed to originate from the Iroquoian "kanata" for settlement or village. As was often the case when different cultures met and language was restricted to hand signs, some confusion arose. When Jacques Cartier explored the new world in 1535 he met with local inhabitants. Cartier attempted to find out what the area was called. The Indians didn't name places in the conventional European manner and pointed down river to their village. Cartier interpreted "kanata" as them saying "canada" and he so entered the word in his journal as such.
4. Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca.
5. Hiawatha. Read the poem.
6. The fur trade. From about 1550 until 1850, felt hats were fashionable in much of Europe and the felt hat industry became the driving force behind the fur trade. By the late 1500's, the beaver was extinct in western Europe and was close to extinction in Scandinavia and Russia. The North American fur trade became a new source and kept the fashion going for another 200 years.
7. Translated it means "runners of the woods". These were young men looking for adventure and profit from the fur trade. They did so without the sanction of the French government and were considered to be operating illegally in the fur trade. The right to deal in the fur trade was assigned to companies who were given that monopoly by the king. One of the most famous of these adventurers was Pierre Esprit Radisson. Learn more about his exciting life.
8. Hudson Bay Company. This originally British company, was incorporated in 1670 and was called "The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay".
9. The Jesuits.
10. Captain James Cook.
11. Hawaiian Islands.
12. William Bligh. Cook was very impressed with him and named one of the islands in Nootka Sound after him.
13. James Wolfe and t
he Sieur de Montcalm in the 1759 Battle for Quebec. The actual battle on the Plains of Abraham lasted but 10 minutes with the defeated French retreating back to the walled fortress of Quebec. Wolfe was killed on the battlefield and Montcalm died the next day from his wounds. The French surrendered the following year.
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